O procedimento de sanção ambiental: análise de uma metodologia ainda em construção

The objective of this article is to analyze the technical criteria of the methodology for the calculation of fines for violation of environmental regulations, by Resolution 2086 of 2010 to identify and propose improvement actions, considering the capacities identified in the same. It is also the subject of development of the background of the normative legislation and the proposals for the different types of infractions that an Environmental Authority faces every day.El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los criterios técnicos de la metodología para el cálculo de sanciones por infracción a la normativa ambiental, acogida por la Resolución 2086 de 2010, con el fin de identificar y proponer acciones de mejora, teniendo en cuenta las debilidades identificadas en la misma. También, será objeto de desarrollo los antecedentes legislativos de la normativa y las propuestas para abordar los diferentes tipos de infracciones a los que se enfrenta diariamente una autoridad ambiental.L'objectif du présent article est d'analyser les critères techniques de la méthodologie pour l'évaluation des sanctions relatives aux infractions à la réglementation environnementale, régie par la Résolution 2086 de 2010, avec pour objectif d'identifier et de proposer des actions d'amélioration, en prenant en compte les faiblesses identifiées dans celle-ci. En outre, il s'agira d'élaborer le contexte législatif de la réglementation et de mettre en place des propositions pour traiter les différents types d'infractions auxquelles est confrontée quotidiennement une autorité environnementale.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os critérios técnicos da metodologia para o cálculo de sanções por violação de regulamentos ambientais, aceites pela Resolução 2086 de 2010, a fim de identificar e propor ações de melhoria, levando em consideração as deficiências identificadas em a mesma. Além disso, os antecedentes legislativos dos regulamentos e propostas para abordar os diferentes tipos de infrações enfrentadas por uma Autoridade Ambiental estarão sujeitos a uma análise e desenvolvimento

Paratuberculosis control strategies in dairy cattle: A systematic review

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), incurable enterocolitis, affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Economic losses, impacts on animal health and welfare, and public health concerns justify its herd-level control.Aim: To systematically collect information to answer: What are the control and eradication strategies of PTB in dairy cattle worldwide?Methods: The search procedure was carried out on October 2nd, 2019, and updated on August 3rd, 2021, using OVID®, SciELO, and Redalyc databases, and the registers from the International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis (1991–2018). The inclusion criteria considered articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish and in peerreviewed journals. The exclusion criteria included irrelevant topics, species other-than bovines, and not original articles. Definitive studies were obtained through the consensus of the authors on eligibility and quality. Data extraction was performed, considering bibliographic information, control and outcome strategies, follow-up time, and results.Results: Twenty-six relevant studies were found, reporting the use of three grouped control strategies: hygiene and management strategy (HMS), test-and-cull strategy (TCS), and vaccination strategy (VS). The HMS was the most common one (20/26), followed by TCS (17/26) and VS (7/26). Combined control strategies such as TCS-HMS (12/26), TCS-VS (1/26), and HMS-VS (1/26) were also described, and the consideration of the three control strategies (TCSHMS-VS) was reported in two articles. The HMS included practices such as neonates/juvenile livestock hygiene, biosecurity, prevention of infection introduction into the herd, and environmental management. Within HMS, the most frequent practices were to remove calves from their dams as soon as possible after birth and to keep the minimal exposure of calves and heifers to adult cattle. As limitations, within the HMS, it is considered that some strategies cannot be included due to lack of compliance, or the application of the same strategy among one study and another may have a different degree of interpretation; publication bias was not controlled since the results of the control programs in endemic countries may be not available.Conclusion: The main PTB control strategies in dairy cattle worldwide are HMS, TCS, and VS. The use of one or several combined strategies has been found to succeed in controlling the disease at the herd-level

Incentivos fiscais e outros requisitos básicos para o desenvolvimento agrícola na Colômbia

This article summarizes the results of research on agricultural development in Colombia within the framework of fiscal policy based on the last two tax reforms, as well as the identification of factors necessary for generating development in this important economic line. The research begins with a review of the documentation on the behavior of the agricultural sector in relation to the contents of the tax statute, making a comparison with the experience of countries such as the United States, Mexico and Ecuador, given the level of trade relations of agricultural products with these countries. It shows that Colombia is at a disadvantage in relation to practices such as agricultural taxation, subsidies, advice, infrastructure, credit facilities and costs.En el presente artículo se sintetizan los resultados de investigación sobre el desarrollo agrícola en Colombia en el marco de la política fiscal a partir de las dos últimas reformas tributarias, así como la identificación de factores necesarios para la generación del desarrollo en este importante renglón económico. La investigación parte de la revisión documental sobre el comportamiento del sector agrícola en relación con los contenidos del estatuto tributario, realizando un comparativo con la experiencia de países como Estados Unidos, México y Ecuador, dado el nivel de relaciones comerciales de productos agrícolas con estos. Evidenciando que Colombia se encuentra en desventaja frente a prácticas tales como fiscalidad agrícola, subsidios, asesoramiento, infraestructura, facilidad y costos crediticios.Cet article résume les résultats de la recherche sur le développement agricole en Colombie dans le cadre de la politique fiscale basée sur les deux dernières réformes fiscales, ainsi que l'identification des facteurs nécessaires pour générer le développement dans cette importante ligne économique. La recherche commence par un examen de la documentation sur le comportement du secteur agricole par rapport au contenu de la loi fiscale, en faisant une comparaison avec l'expérience de pays comme les États-Unis, le Mexique et l'Équateur, étant donné le niveau des relations commerciales des produits agricoles avec ces pays. Il montre que la Colombie est désavantagée en ce qui concerne des pratiques telles que la fiscalité agricole, les subventions, les conseils, les infrastructures, les facilités de crédit et les coûts.Este artigo resume os resultados das pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento agrícola na Colômbia no âmbito da política fiscal baseada nas duas últimas reformas fiscais, bem como a identificação dos fatores necessários para gerar desenvolvimento nesta importante linha econômica. A pesquisa começa com uma revisão da documentação sobre o comportamento do setor agrícola em relação ao conteúdo do estatuto fiscal, fazendo uma comparação com a experiência de países como Estados Unidos, México e Equador, dado o nível das relações comerciais dos produtos agrícolas com esses países. Mostra que a Colômbia está em desvantagem em relação a práticas como tributação agrícola, subsídios, assessoria, infra-estrutura, facilidades de crédito e custos

Incentivos fiscais e outros requisitos básicos para o desenvolvimento agrícola na Colômbia

This article summarizes the results of research on agricultural development in Colombia within the framework of fiscal policy based on the last two tax reforms, as well as the identification of factors necessary for generating development in this important economic line. The research begins with a review of the documentation on the behavior of the agricultural sector in relation to the contents of the tax statute, making a comparison with the experience of countries such as the United States, Mexico and Ecuador, given the level of trade relations of agricultural products with these countries. It shows that Colombia is at a disadvantage in relation to practices such as agricultural taxation, subsidies, advice, infrastructure, credit facilities and costs.En el presente artículo se sintetizan los resultados de investigación sobre el desarrollo agrícola en Colombia en el marco de la política fiscal a partir de las dos últimas reformas tributarias, así como la identificación de factores necesarios para la generación del desarrollo en este importante renglón económico. La investigación parte de la revisión documental sobre el comportamiento del sector agrícola en relación con los contenidos del estatuto tributario, realizando un comparativo con la experiencia de países como Estados Unidos, México y Ecuador, dado el nivel de relaciones comerciales de productos agrícolas con estos. Evidenciando que Colombia se encuentra en desventaja frente a prácticas tales como fiscalidad agrícola, subsidios, asesoramiento, infraestructura, facilidad y costos crediticios.Cet article résume les résultats de la recherche sur le développement agricole en Colombie dans le cadre de la politique fiscale basée sur les deux dernières réformes fiscales, ainsi que l'identification des facteurs nécessaires pour générer le développement dans cette importante ligne économique. La recherche commence par un examen de la documentation sur le comportement du secteur agricole par rapport au contenu de la loi fiscale, en faisant une comparaison avec l'expérience de pays comme les États-Unis, le Mexique et l'Équateur, étant donné le niveau des relations commerciales des produits agricoles avec ces pays. Il montre que la Colombie est désavantagée en ce qui concerne des pratiques telles que la fiscalité agricole, les subventions, les conseils, les infrastructures, les facilités de crédit et les coûts.Este artigo resume os resultados das pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento agrícola na Colômbia no âmbito da política fiscal baseada nas duas últimas reformas fiscais, bem como a identificação dos fatores necessários para gerar desenvolvimento nesta importante linha econômica. A pesquisa começa com uma revisão da documentação sobre o comportamento do setor agrícola em relação ao conteúdo do estatuto fiscal, fazendo uma comparação com a experiência de países como Estados Unidos, México e Equador, dado o nível das relações comerciais dos produtos agrícolas com esses países. Mostra que a Colômbia está em desvantagem em relação a práticas como tributação agrícola, subsídios, assessoria, infra-estrutura, facilidades de crédito e custos

Hectopsylla pulex (Haller, 1880) (Siphonaptera: Tungidae) infestation on Eptesicus furinalis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Central Andes of Colombia

Bat ectoparasites have a complex natural history narrowly tied to their hosts at ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary scales. As flying and social organisms, bats represent a potential mechanism of dispersal, a source of feeding, and a roost for ectoparasite reproduction. The chiggerflea Hectopsylla pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae) is widely distributed across the Neotropics. Females of this ectoparasite have been found in their neosomal form on bats of the family Molossidae, Noctilionidae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae. Here we present the record of infestation of chiggerfleas on the Argentine bat, Eptesicus furinalis (Vespertilionidae) in Colombia, representing the first record of the flea on this species, and providing novel genetic information of this poorly known flea species

Implementación de infraestructura TI usando Servidor Zentyal

El presente documento tiene como finalidad demostrar la implementación de la herramienta zentyal en la versión 5.0 con sus diferentes servicios, logrando resolver las necesidades de pequeñas y medianas empresas, para lo cual, se realizó el proceso de instalación y configuración de los servicios DNS, DHCP, VPN, Impresoras, File Server, Proxy no transparente y cortafuegos, siendo desarrolladas en cinco temáticas como parte del proyecto final del diplomado de profundización en Linux.The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the implementation of the tool in version 5.0 with its different services, the resolution of problems of small and medium enterprises, for which the installation and configuration process is carried out. of the DNS, DHCP, VPN, Printers, File Server, Non-transparent Proxy and Firewall services, being developed in five topics as part of the final project of the deepening course in Linux

Escalas de uso frecuente en geriatría

Bogot

Estudio de ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos ubicados en el parque nacional natural cueva de los guácharos (acevedo, huila)

Los estudios realizados durante el tiempo en el que se realizó la salida de campo de la asignatura Ecología Regional Continental del 3 al 17 de septiembre de 2010 permitieron determinar ciertas características y estados de calidad en los sistemas acuáticos y vegetales (bosque subandino) del Parque Nacional Natural Cueva de los Güácharos(PNNCG). Para el estudio limnológico se realizaron muestreos en varios ecosistemas acuáticos: Laguna Encantada, Quebrada Chánchiras, Quebrada La Lindosa, Cascada Cristales, Rí­o Suaza, Cueva de los Guacharos y Cueva del Indio. Se tomaron muestras a de variales fisicoquímicas y de comunidades biológicas (perifiton, plancton, macroinvertebrados). Las aguas de la región son de temperaturas medias y se mineralizan al pasar por el sistema de cuevas; son ligeramente alcalinas y bajas en nutrientes (oligotróficas) y transportan bajas a moderadas cantidades de sólidos suspendidos. Los datos fisicoquímicos que caracterizan a los ecosistemas acuáticos del PNNCG corresponden a sistemas típicos neotropicales, con baja intervención humana y condiciones propias de ambientes cársticos. La materia orgánica aportada por la vegetación riparia y por las macrófitas sustenta diferentes órdenes de macroinvertebrados, siendo los más representativos Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemíptera y Trichoptera. El bosque subandino estudiado se encuentra en proceso de desarrollo debido a que presenta una mayor cantidad de arboles del conjunto del futuro; no obstante, el conjunto del presente, aunque en una menor proporción, se encuentra bien establecido. Esto también se puede observar en los mapas de cobertura vegetal del estrato arbóreo, donde el dosel es continuo y solamente se interrumpe por los disturbios ocasionados por la muerte y caída de árboles del conjunto del presente, lo que genera claros en el bosque y permite que los arboles del conjunto del futuro desarrollen su cobertura

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales